FFT-based watermarking for copyright protection of color image

Authors

  • Joshua Febrian Wiranata Mathematics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung
  • Sri Redjeki Pudjaprasetya Industrial & Financial Mathematics Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-0272
  • Pritta Etriana Putri Computational Mathematics Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-7330
  • Riski Kurniawan Research Center for Computing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-8514

Keywords:

color image watermarking, copyright protection, fast Fourier transform, singular value decomposition

Abstract

Watermarks are commonly used by authors to prevent unauthorized copying and to protect their intellectual property. When a watermark is applied to a digital image, it is expected that the watermark will not be visible, and the watermark will retain its good quality when extracted. This paper is focused on one type of color image watermarking method, by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. In this algorithm, the watermark is embedded in the frequency domain of the image. In this way, our watermark algorithm exhibits good quality and demonstrates strong resistance against common attacks. Here, we experimented with compression, blur, object addition, and noise addition.

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Published

2025-05-10

How to Cite

Wiranata, J. F., Pudjaprasetya, S. R., Putri, P. E., & Kurniawan, R. (2025). FFT-based watermarking for copyright protection of color image. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Modelling, 1(1), 1–10. Retrieved from https://ejournal.cibnusantara.org/index.php/jamm/article/view/1