Interactive Effects of Volcanic Ash and Cow Manure on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings in Ultisol During the Main Nursery Stage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64570/agrivolution.v2i1.57Keywords:
cow manure, nursery media, soil amendment, volcanic ashAbstract
Producing vigorous oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings in the main nursery is essential for field establishment, yet Ultisols, widely used as nursery media, are acidic and low in fertility and organic matter. Volcanic ash is a mineral amendment whose nutrients are released slowly, whereas cow manure supplies organic matter and nutrients that may accelerate its weathering. This study evaluated the interactive effects of volcanic ash and cow manure on the vegetative growth of oil palm seedlings in Ultisol during the main nursery stage. A factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design combined three volcanic ash rates (75, 150, and 225 g polybag⁻¹) with four cow manure rates (375, 750, 1,125, and 1,500 g polybag⁻¹), giving 12 treatment combinations with three replications. Seedling height, stem diameter, number of fronds, and leaf area were recorded at 18 weeks after transplanting and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (P ≤ 0.05). Significant interactions were found for seedling height and stem diameter. The tallest seedlings (99.67 cm) occurred with 225 g volcanic ash and 1,500 g cow manure, while the thickest stems (48.00 mm) occurred with 225 g volcanic ash combined with 1,125–1,500 g cow manure. Number of fronds (12.28) and leaf area (3,361.44 cm²) responded only to cow manure, peaking at 1,500 g polybag⁻¹. These results indicate that volcanic ash and cow manure act synergistically to promote stem elongation and thickening, whereas leaf development depends on the supply of organic nutrients.
References
Abadi, F., & Nelvia, N. (2017). Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq) Di Pembibitan Utama (Main Nursery) Pada Medium Subsoil Ultisol Yang Diaplikasikan Amelioran Anorganik dan Organik. Dinamika Pertanian, 33(1), 75-84.
Akenda, L. (2021). Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pre-Nursery dengan Pemberian Pupuk Urea dan Natrium 2-4 Dinitrofenol. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Alviandy, R. Q., Ariana, E., & Saputra, S. I. (2016). Pemberian Abu Vulkanik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Main Nursery. Jom Faperta, 3 (1).
Aminullah, T., Rosmawati., & Sulhawardi. (2017). Uji Pemberian Kompos Tandan Kosong Sawit Dannpk 16:16:16 Pada Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Main Nursery dengan Media Sub Soil Ultisol. Dinamika Pertanian, (33) 3, 275–284.
Barus, W. A., Risnawati, & Ahmad, Y. S. (2021). Pemanfaatan Debu Vulkanik Sinabung Untuk Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah Dalam Beberapa Dosis Pupuk KCL. Jurnal Penelitian Bidang Ilmu Pertanian, 19(1), 47-62.
Badan Pusat Statistik. [BPS]. (2024). Luas Areal Kelapa Sawit Perkebunan Indonesia 2022 - 2023, Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2023 - Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia . https://www.bps.go.id.
Damayani, D., Nurlaeny, N., & Kamil, S. E. (2014). Efek Residu Dari Kombinasi Media Tanam Abu Vulkanik Merapi, Pupuk Kandang Sapi Dan Tanah Mineral Terhadap C-Organik, Kapasitas Pegang Air, Kadar Air Dan Bobot Kering Pupus Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Bionatura-Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Hayati dan Fisik, 15(3) : 196-202.
Darmawan, K. S., Udayana, I. G. B., Wirajaya, A. A. N. M., & Yuliartini, M. S. (2020). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Atonik dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Sistem Pre Nursery. Gema Agro, 25(1), 17–22.
Eviati., Sulaeman., Herawaty, L., Anggria, L., Usman., Tantika, H. E., Prihatini, R & Wuningrum, P. (2023). Petunjuk Teknis Edisi 3. Analisis Kimia Tanah, Tanaman, Air, dan Pupuk. Balai Pengujian Standar Instrumen Tanah dan Pupuk.
Fiantis, D., Nelson, M., Shamshuddin, J., Goh, T. B., & Van Ranst, E. (2010). Leaching experiments in recent tephra deposits from Talang volcano (West Sumatra), Indonesia. Geoderma, 156(3-4), 161-172.
Harahap, D. I. (2018) Model simulasi respon fisiologi pertumbuhan dan hasil tandan buah kelapa sawit. Derestrasi Program Pascasarjana IPB. Bogor.
Hardianti, L. S., Kasim, M., & Dwipa, I. (2025). Analisis Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Tercekam Kekeringan Terhadap Pemberian Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Pada Pre Nursery. Jagur Jurnal Agroteknologi, 7(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25077/jagur.7.1.1-10.2025
Jatsiyah, V., Rosmalinda, S., & Nurhayati. (2020). Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa sawit terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 5(2), 28-30.
Lingga, P. & Marsono. (2013). Petunjuk Penggunaan Pupuk. Penebar Swadaya.
Madusari, S. (2020).Evaluasi aplikasi bio urin sapi dan cendawan mikoriza terhadap karakter morfo-fisiologi bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Journal Citra Widya Edukasi, 12 (2), 135-142.
Narka, I., Dibia, I. N., & Atmaja, D. W. (2021). Pengaruh Abu Vulkanis Gunung Agung dan Pupuk Kompos terhadap Beberapa Sifat Tanah dan Hasil Kacang Tunggak (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). Agrotrop: Journal on Agriculture Science, 11 (2),167 – 175.
Novio, W. T., Adrinal, & Ikhsan, Z. (2026). The Effect of Volcano Ash and Goat Manure on the Growth of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Seedlings. Jurnal Riset Perkebunan, 7(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.25077/jrp.7.1.9-16.2026
Nurlina, N., Syahbanu, I., Tamnasi, M.T., Nabela, C., & Furnata, M. D. (2018). Ekstraksi dan Penentuan Gugus Fungsi Asam Humat Dari Pupuk Kotoran Sapi. J. Pure App. Chem, 1 (1), 30-38.
Nurlaeny, N., Saribun, D.S., & Hudaya, R. (2012). Pengaruh Kombinasi Abu Vulkanik Merapi, Pupuk Organik Dan Tanah Mineral Terhadap Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Media Tanam Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Bionatura-Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Hayati dan Fisik, 14(3), 184 – 19.
Prasetya, M. E. (2014). Pengaruh Pupuk NPK Mutiara Dan Pupuk Kandang Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah Keriting Varietas Arimbi (Capsicum annuum L.). Agrifor, 13(10), 191–198.
Sefano, M. A., & Gusmini, G. (2024). Efek abu hasil erupsi gunung Marapi dan biochar kulit kopi terhadap perubahan sifat kimia Andisol. Journal Of Top Agriculture (Top Journal), 2(2), 102-106.
Suhendra, D., Ikhsan, Z., Reflinaldon, & Yanti, Y. (2024). Effect of rice straw compost and NPKMg fertilizer treatment on the growth of sugar palm [Arenga pinnata Merr], aged 12 months. KnE Social Sciences, 9(25), 372–384. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i25.16985
Tarigan, E.M., Lubis, K.S., & Hannum, H. (2017). Kajian Tekstur, C-Organik, dan pH Tanah Ultisol pada Beberapa Vegetasi di Desa Gunung Datas Kecamatan Raya Kahean. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 7(2), 230- 238.
Wicaksono,T., Sagiman, S., & Umran, I. (2015). Kajian aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah pada beberapa cara penggunaan lahan di desa PAL IX kecamatan sungai kakap kabupaten kubu raya. Jurnal Sains Mahasiswa Pertanian, 15(1), 10–17.
Yuliana, A., Arifin, M., & Nurlaeny, N. (2017). Pengaruh Partikel Nano Abu Vulkanik Dan Batuan Fosfat Terhadap Muatan Variable Dan Kemasaman Andisol. Jurnal Agrikultura, 28 (3), 118-125.
