Identification and Percentage of Pest Attacks on Sipirok Coffee Plants (Coffea arabica L.) in South Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64570/agrivolution.v2i1.53Keywords:
Arabica coffee, plant diseases, pests, sipirokAbstract
Coffee is one of the plantation commodities with important economic value. One of the factors that can limit coffee's productivity and quality is pest infestation. This study aimed to identify pest and disease organisms and determine their levels of attack on Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Situmba Village, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. The study used a descriptive survey with random sampling across three observation plots, selecting five coffee plants from each plot, for a total of 15 sample plants. Observations were conducted weekly for four weeks during April–May 2025. Data were analyzed descriptively based on pest and disease identification, population density, attack percentage, and damage intensity. Four major plant health problems were identified: Planococcus sp., Hypothenemus hampei, Hemileia vastatrix, and sooty mold. Planococcus sp. showed the highest population density (2.13 individuals plant⁻¹) and damage intensity (18.67%), followed by H. vastatrix (15.00%), H. hampei (12.50%), and sooty mold (11.67%). The attack incidence was 26.67% for Planococcus sp., 13.33% for H. hampei, and 20.00% for both H. vastatrix and sooty mold. These findings indicate that Planococcus sp. was the dominant pest during the observation period, although H. hampei remains important because of its direct attack on coffee fruits. The results provide baseline information for site-specific Integrated Pest Management (IPM), particularly through routine monitoring, field sanitation, environmental management, conservation of natural enemies, and biological control.
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