Infestation, Identification, and Comparative Development of Fruit Flies (Bactrocera spp.) on Two Varieties of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Abstract

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a high-value horticultural commodity in Indonesia whose productivity fluctuates annually due to climate variability, pest and disease infestations, and suboptimal harvest and post-harvest practices. Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are among the most damaging pests, with their life cycle closely tied to fruit availability. This study aimed to identify fruit fly species infesting cayenne pepper, compare their development on two varieties (ORI 212 and Asmoro), and evaluate infestation rates and attack intensities in Tanjungrejo Village, Loceret District, Nganjuk Regency. Field observations and laboratory identifications were conducted using morphological keys. Two fruit fly species—Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera carambolae—were identified. The highest infestation rate was recorded in ORI 212 at location I (94.64%), while the lowest was in Asmoro at location I (82.82%). Attack intensity followed a similar trend, with ORI 212 at location I reaching 24.06% and Asmoro at location I the lowest at 20.85%. These findings highlight varietal differences in susceptibility to fruit fly attacks, providing valuable data for targeted pest management strategies in cayenne pepper cultivation.